Proteanomics Conclusion

Procedure
I was actually absent for this lab but the procedure was pretty similar to most of our other labs. In this case samples of different fish, were cut off placed with a solution of buffer, incubated for a brief period and then heated up to denature the protein. Next gel electrophoresis is run on all of the proteins including, lanes set aside in order to prove or disprove if the first step worked. In our experiment the different lanes of the proteins all showed up except for that of the fly. Unfortunately enough flies have very little muscle tissue and in order to get enough tissue we needed about fifty flies rather than 3 or 4. From our results we were able to determine that the tuna and salmon were most closely related, followed by the shrimp and than the scallop, and than the fake crab, crab, and the fly didnt show up. Some sources of error could be not extracting enough protein, gaining some protein from particles floating in the air, mistaking certain bands because they were soo close together and etc.

Intro to Proteomics

Proteomics is the study of proteins mostly their structures and functions. The comparison of proteins from one species to another supports evolution and helps evolutionary scientists receive a better understanding of how closely a species is related. Proteonomics has risen mostly after the completion of the human genome project that took thirteen years, to be able to see the difference between genes and how they are expressed in certain situations. Recently the study of proteins has expanded to include the study of protein functions, interactions, locations, and modifications. It is hypothesized that the noncoding DNA regulates protein production and expression and because at 3 billion base pairs, we are much more complex than say a worm. The HUPO Human Proteome Organization was created specifically for cataloging all human proteins and function.
The term evolution states that organisms derived from simple single celled organisms and adapted individually to their environment. Mutations that were beneficial were passed on creating different species, that express different phenotypic traits. Muscle proteins consist mostly of myostotin and actin but individual species have different proteins for their specific types of movement.
This lab consists of three steps including 1) Denaturing the protein by heat shock as well as a detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate killing the protein tertiary and quaternary structures. The proteins then are put with a buffer and seperated using gel electrophoresis. Depending on the size of the different proteins from the aquatic animals it shall illustrate how closely our specimens are related. A blue tracking dye is added in order to see how far the proteins went.       

Mitochondrial DNA

In this lab we all had the same bands for this specific gene that we targeted, proving that PCR, and everthing in the lab went right. Possible sources of error could be, the cotton swab in the pipet not filtering enough giving DNA from the air, and some human sources of error could be going to low and taking some of the matrix beads therefore killing the DNA polymerase and stopping the DNA from being amplified.